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Outcome Measure
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CFS alone (n = 50)
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CFS-MCS (n = 27)
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CFS-FM (n = 18)
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CFS-MCS-FM (n = 19)
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Mean (Standard Deviation)
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MOS-SF-36
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Physical Functioning
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53.61 (25.05)a
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42.50 (19.66)
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40.56 (23.69)
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32.89 (19.95)a
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Role-Physical
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4.69 (12.27)
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3.85 (11.60)
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4.17 (12.86)
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3.95 (12.54)
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Bodily Pain
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49.83 (21.88)a,c
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40.62 (21.63)b
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30.00 (13.18)c
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21.58 (18.60)a,b
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General Health
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36.65 (16.74)a
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28.75 (15.94)
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38.54 (16.62)b
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19.95 (32.24)a,b
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Vitality
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20.73 (15.98)
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15.19 (12.84)
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19.72 (16.31)
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11.32 (9.84)
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Social Functioning
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46.09 (25.15)a
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30.29 (21.84)a
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47.22 (23.70)
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30.26 (19.68)
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Role-Emotional
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56.74 (45.00)
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47.44 (45.39)
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42.59 (35.80)
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57.89 (41.34)
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Mental Health
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67.08 (16.30)
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55.85 (19.35)
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66.22 (14.79)
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62.11 (18.10)
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Brief COPE
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Self Distraction
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2.30 (0.87)a,b
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2.91 (0.81)b
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2.89 (0.88)
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3.18 (0.65)a
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Active Coping
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2.97 (0.84)
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3.15 (0.83)
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3.28 (0.73)
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3.10 (0.88)
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Denial
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1.41 (0.85)
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1.28 (0.59)
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1.25 (0.35)
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1.32 (0.61)
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Substance Use
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1.15 (0.47)
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1.22 (0.63)
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1.53 (0.98)
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1.24 (0.42)
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Emotional Support
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2.40 (0.95)
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2.17 (0.91)
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2.56 (0.97)
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2.29 (0.85)
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Instrumental Support
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2.32 (0.96)
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2.61 (0.93)
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2.78 (0.75)
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2.66 (0.99)
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Behavioral Disengagement
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1.33 (0.51)
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1.27 (0.38)
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1.47 (0.44)
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1.47 (0.94)
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Venting
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1.93 (0.63)
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2.09 (0.77)
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2.39 (0.65)
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2.11 (.077)
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Positive Reframing
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2.20 (1.06)
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2.28 (0.94)
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2.75 (0.96)
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2.53 (1.05)
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Planning
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2.97 (0.97)
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3.00 (0.98)
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3.00 (0.86)
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3.03 (0.86)
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Humor
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1.68 (0.79)a
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1.78 (0.87)
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2.39 (1.20)a
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1.79 (0.77)
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Acceptance
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2.95 (0.88)
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2.81 (0.83)
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2.94 (0.75)
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2.95 (0.80)
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Religion
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2.41 (1.01)
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2.44 (0.97)
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2.31 (1.06)
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2.47 (1.05)
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Self Blame
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1.69 (0.87)
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1.74 (0.75)
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2.00 (0.77)
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1.92 (0.79)
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Beck Depression Inventory
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16.47 (8.61)a
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20.88 (9.64)
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18.50 (9.54)
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23.93 (11.43)a
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Fatigue Severity Scale
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5.98 (0.68)
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6.35 (0.66)a
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5.70 (1.22)a
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6.30 (0.53)
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Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
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7.26 (2.53)a
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8.69 (2.20)
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8.94 (2.10)
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8.95 (2.39)a
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Brief Pain Inventory
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Interference
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2.83 (2.52)a,c,d
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4.56 (2.78)b,c
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5.36 (1.96)d
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6.80 (2.33)a,b
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Severity
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3.03 (2.06)a,c
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4.06 (2.02)b
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4.86 (1.40)c
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6.10 (2.04)a,b
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Symptoms
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Sore Throat
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23.50 (26.61)
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29.48 (26.97)
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20.56 (26.40)
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24.84 (28.82)
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Tender Lymph Nodes
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25.75 (30.36)
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23.40 (26.33)
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27.50 (33.79)
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32.00 (27.92)
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Muscle Pain
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50.52 (28.34)a,b
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60.76 (28.22)
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72.92 (22.56)b
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78.42 (24.97)a
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Joint Pain
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31.85 (33.25)a,c
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46.04 (35.95)b
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63.06 (32.18)c
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75.50 (24.54)a,b
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Impaired Memory
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62.96 (25.22)
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59.63 (23.82)
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65.14 (25.53)
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68.94 (22.65)
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Unrefreshing Sleep
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76.89 (18.89)
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75.19 (25.43)
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89.67 (10.86)
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87.03 (14.46)
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Post-Exertional Malaise
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73.27 (17.84)
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75.19 (19.16)
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74.86 (23.74)
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82.36 (14.10)
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Headaches
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42.91 (33.39)a
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56.87 (30.50)
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55.00 (31.44)
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74.03 (24.39)a
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Six Minute Walk Test
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Distance Walked (feet)
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1419.47 (312.17)
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1728.08 (2387.62)
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1304.28 (356.492)
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1221.39 (239.23)
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Average RPE
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9.85 (2.24)a
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10.56 (2.08)
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11.37 (2.76)
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11.78 (2.42)a
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Sit and Reach (inches)
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13.48 (3.54)
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13.16 (4.49)
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14.55 (4.24)
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13.40 (3.77)
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Hand Grip (pounds)
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Right
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64.45 (24.67)
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61.57 (21.21)
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64.19 (21.87)
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52.28 (15.34)
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Left
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60.04 (22.71)
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58.63 (17.90)
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58.72 (20.71)
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48.07 (17.21)
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Actigraphy Mean
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161.35 (58.55)
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145.74 (58.13)
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167.23 (48.51)
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149.78 (63.12)
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Lifetime Axis I Diagnosis %
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29 (58.0%)
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17 (63.0%)
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12 (66.7%)
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13 (68.4%)
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Current Axis I Diagnosis %
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19 (38.0%)
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8 (29.6%)
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9 (50.0%)
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8 (42.1%)
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- Similar letters across diagnostic groups significantly differ at the p < .05 level.
